![]() There were roughly 81,000 newcomers in 1849 and another 91,000 in 1850. ![]() The population expanded from 14,000 non-natives to an estimated 85,000 newcomers in just a year. Īs news of the gold spread, settlers flocked to the new US territory of California. It is now on display in the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution. Polk in Washington DC, arriving in August 1848. The first flake found by Marshall was shipped to President James K. Sutter's claim to the US government for mineral rights was investigated by Joseph Libbey Folsom, who issued confirmation of the gold discovery in June. Bigler recorded the date when gold was discovered, January 24, 1848, in his diary. Two workers at the mill, Henry Bigler and Azariah Smith, were veterans of the Mormon Battalion and recorded their experience in journals. This peace treaty formally transferred sovereignty over the region to the United States. On February 2, 1848, before news of the discovery had arrived, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in Mexico City. On January 24, 1848, while working on construction of the mill, Marshall found flakes of gold in the South Fork American River. ![]() Sutter employed James Wilson Marshall, a carpenter originally from New Jersey, to supervise construction of the new building. A peace treaty for the wider war had not yet been completed when Sutter decided to begin construction of a sawmill in the forest about 30 miles north-east of his existing colony. The United States conquered the region during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848): California was overrun by US forces in 1846 and a ceasefire in the region was agreed in January 1847. He established a colony at New Helvetia (now part of Sacramento), in the Central Valley. John Sutter, a German-Swiss settler, arrived in the region in 1839. It became part of an independent Mexico in 1821. The territory of Alta California, which includes modern-day California, was settled by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1683 onwards. Main article: California Gold Rush Photograph of the original Sutter's Mill, taken in 1850
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